<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">一、盐碱地的形成<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;="" mso-themetint:166"="">盐碱地是指土壤所含的盐分影响到作物正常生长的一个土壤种类。土地盐碱化的原因是由于土壤和地下水含盐过高,在强烈的地表蒸发情况下,土镶盐分通过毛细管作用上升并积聚于土壤表层。盐碱地是由于土壤内大量盐分的积累,引起一系列土壤物理性状的恶化造成土壤粘滞,通气性差土温上升慢,土壤中微生物活动性差,渗透系数低,毛细作用强,导致表层土壤盐渍化的加剧。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">二、盐碱土壤的形成条件:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">土壤碱化过程往往与土壤脱盐过程相伴随,但土壤脱盐并不一定必然会发生碱化,
它是土壤碱化条件之一。 土壤盐碱化形成条件为:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">土壤质地较为粘重,土壤吸收复合体吸收性能较强;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">土壤溶液中含有较多钠离子;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(3) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">有水参与作用,使土壤溶液中钠离子有在土层中上下移动的能力和条件。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">三、盐碱地造成因素:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">自然环境因素<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"=""> </span><span style="font-size:
12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">盐碱地的发生发展受自然条件如地形、地貌、气候、土壤、水文及水文地质等方面的影响,各地自然条件不同,土壤含盐量与盐分组成也有差异,改良利用必须因地制宜。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(2)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">人为因素<span lang="EN-US" style="color:#595959;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 15.75pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">受人为的土地利用方式、农业耕作技术、水利排水工程设施、工业化学污染等因素的影响造成。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(3)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">地下水不稳定性因素<span lang="EN-US" style="color:#595959;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 15.75pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">如灌溉用水、地下水等的盐碱性的水质造成盐碱化。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(4)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">天然灾害<span lang="EN-US" style="color:#595959;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 15.75pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">由于土壤层原保留有部分可溶性盐类,如果排水措施不当,或遇内涝积水,又会造成次生盐碱化。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;="" mso-themetint:166"="">因为盐碱地的发生与发展是各种因素综合影响的结果,所以对其改良利用也必须考虑整个环境、地质、灌溉用水、地下水、整体修复后的经济效益,莽撞贸然进行整地修复,复发性性不可避免。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:="" text1;mso-themetint:166"=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">四、盐碱地土壤怎么改良修复?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">修复重点在于调整地形地貌排水系统整理、调整土壤理性结构<span lang="EN-US">, </span>平衡<span lang="EN-US">pH</span>酸碱值、让整体土壤气、水正常循环</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">后,增加地力、肥度、促进微生菌滋长繁殖。其修复的步骤说明如下:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">、物理步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">灌溉、地下水的水质检测。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">水利改良:整地造沟,对地势低洼的盐碱地块,挖排水沟排出地面水。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(3) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">深耕深松:进行翻耕,疏松表土,增强透水性,能加速淋盐,防止返盐。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(4) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">客土排水:客土抬高地面下设隔离层,利用高差进行排水淋盐。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">、化学步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">在修复土壤上铺洒石膏粉、酸性过磷酸钙、硫酸锌等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">其他化学辅材:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">钙剂:石膏、过磷酸钙等;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;="" mso-themetint:166"="">钙活化剂:粗硫酸、黑矾、黄铁矿等含酸、含硫物质<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">3.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">有机修复步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 78pt; text-indent: -78pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">淋溶冲洗:修复土壤范围深耕松土、排水,将灌水并形成使土壤中的盐分充分溶解排出。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 78pt; text-indent: -78pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">有机修复:封闭排水、挖坑、挖洞、将有机土壤改良调理剂勾兑灌溉用水淹没土壤一定深度的水层后,有机降解分解、调整<span lang="EN-US">pH</span>酸碱值、
改良土壤理性结构。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">4.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">增加地力、肥力步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">施用有机肥、农肥等,增施利用腐殖质帮忙土壤改良酸碱值调整,增加地力、肥料。有利于修复后的农作物种植效果更好。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">经改良后的土壤环境适合微生物菌滋长与繁殖,可以加速分解土壤内的有机质转化成植物可吸收微元素,杀虫灭菌增加抗逆性,优化品质增产</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:red"="">※</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:="" text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">问题重点在于化学质材如何</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">完全降解溶于水进行水解</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">中和盐碱的效果<span lang="EN-US">, </span>这个才是施用化学质材调和的技术重点。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:30.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.5;
line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:30.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.5;
line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959"="">大家一起来为中国的未来好水、好土、好环境共同努力奋斗,让</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#00b050"="">土壤自然呼吸循环</span><span style="font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959"="">才是真正的根除病源。</span><b style="line-height: 18pt;"><b style="line-height: 18pt;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; display: inline !important;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:gray;="" mso-themecolor:background1;mso-themeshade:128"="">研究员: 谷神<span lang="EN-US"> Eddie</span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:gray;="" mso-themecolor:background1;mso-themeshade:128"="">基硕<span lang="EN-US"> 2016.10.11</span></span></p>

"/>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">一、盐碱地的形成<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;="" mso-themetint:166"="">盐碱地是指土壤所含的盐分影响到作物正常生长的一个土壤种类。土地盐碱化的原因是由于土壤和地下水含盐过高,在强烈的地表蒸发情况下,土镶盐分通过毛细管作用上升并积聚于土壤表层。盐碱地是由于土壤内大量盐分的积累,引起一系列土壤物理性状的恶化造成土壤粘滞,通气性差土温上升慢,土壤中微生物活动性差,渗透系数低,毛细作用强,导致表层土壤盐渍化的加剧。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">二、盐碱土壤的形成条件:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">土壤碱化过程往往与土壤脱盐过程相伴随,但土壤脱盐并不一定必然会发生碱化,
它是土壤碱化条件之一。 土壤盐碱化形成条件为:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">土壤质地较为粘重,土壤吸收复合体吸收性能较强;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">土壤溶液中含有较多钠离子;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(3) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">有水参与作用,使土壤溶液中钠离子有在土层中上下移动的能力和条件。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">三、盐碱地造成因素:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">自然环境因素<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"=""> </span><span style="font-size:
12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">盐碱地的发生发展受自然条件如地形、地貌、气候、土壤、水文及水文地质等方面的影响,各地自然条件不同,土壤含盐量与盐分组成也有差异,改良利用必须因地制宜。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(2)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">人为因素<span lang="EN-US" style="color:#595959;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 15.75pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">受人为的土地利用方式、农业耕作技术、水利排水工程设施、工业化学污染等因素的影响造成。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(3)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">地下水不稳定性因素<span lang="EN-US" style="color:#595959;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 15.75pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">如灌溉用水、地下水等的盐碱性的水质造成盐碱化。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(4)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">天然灾害<span lang="EN-US" style="color:#595959;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 15.75pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">由于土壤层原保留有部分可溶性盐类,如果排水措施不当,或遇内涝积水,又会造成次生盐碱化。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;="" mso-themetint:166"="">因为盐碱地的发生与发展是各种因素综合影响的结果,所以对其改良利用也必须考虑整个环境、地质、灌溉用水、地下水、整体修复后的经济效益,莽撞贸然进行整地修复,复发性性不可避免。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:="" text1;mso-themetint:166"=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">四、盐碱地土壤怎么改良修复?<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">修复重点在于调整地形地貌排水系统整理、调整土壤理性结构<span lang="EN-US">, </span>平衡<span lang="EN-US">pH</span>酸碱值、让整体土壤气、水正常循环</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">后,增加地力、肥度、促进微生菌滋长繁殖。其修复的步骤说明如下:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">、物理步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">灌溉、地下水的水质检测。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">水利改良:整地造沟,对地势低洼的盐碱地块,挖排水沟排出地面水。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(3) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">深耕深松:进行翻耕,疏松表土,增强透水性,能加速淋盐,防止返盐。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(4) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">客土排水:客土抬高地面下设隔离层,利用高差进行排水淋盐。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">、化学步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">在修复土壤上铺洒石膏粉、酸性过磷酸钙、硫酸锌等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;="" mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">其他化学辅材:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;="" color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">钙剂:石膏、过磷酸钙等;<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;="" mso-themetint:166"="">钙活化剂:粗硫酸、黑矾、黄铁矿等含酸、含硫物质<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">3.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">有机修复步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 78pt; text-indent: -78pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">淋溶冲洗:修复土壤范围深耕松土、排水,将灌水并形成使土壤中的盐分充分溶解排出。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 78pt; text-indent: -78pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">有机修复:封闭排水、挖坑、挖洞、将有机土壤改良调理剂勾兑灌溉用水淹没土壤一定深度的水层后,有机降解分解、调整<span lang="EN-US">pH</span>酸碱值、
改良土壤理性结构。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">4.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">增加地力、肥力步骤:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(1) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">施用有机肥、农肥等,增施利用腐殖质帮忙土壤改良酸碱值调整,增加地力、肥料。有利于修复后的农作物种植效果更好。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">(2) </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">经改良后的土壤环境适合微生物菌滋长与繁殖,可以加速分解土壤内的有机质转化成植物可吸收微元素,杀虫灭菌增加抗逆性,优化品质增产</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:red"="">※</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:="" text1;mso-themetint:166"=""> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:166"="">问题重点在于化学质材如何</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif"="">完全降解溶于水进行水解</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-themetint:="" 166"="">中和盐碱的效果<span lang="EN-US">, </span>这个才是施用化学质材调和的技术重点。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:30.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.5;
line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959"=""> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:30.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.5;
line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959"="">大家一起来为中国的未来好水、好土、好环境共同努力奋斗,让</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#00b050"="">土壤自然呼吸循环</span><span style="font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:#595959"="">才是真正的根除病源。</span><b style="line-height: 18pt;"><b style="line-height: 18pt;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; display: inline !important;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:gray;="" mso-themecolor:background1;mso-themeshade:128"="">研究员: 谷神<span lang="EN-US"> Eddie</span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:" 微软雅黑",sans-serif;color:gray;="" mso-themecolor:background1;mso-themeshade:128"="">基硕<span lang="EN-US"> 2016.10.11</span></span></p>

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盐碱地农田有机态修复技术

1 楼
NEW 2016.10.20

一、盐碱地的形成

盐碱地是指土壤所含的盐分影响到作物正常生长的一个土壤种类。土地盐碱化的原因是由于土壤和地下水含盐过高,在强烈的地表蒸发情况下,土镶盐分通过毛细管作用上升并积聚于土壤表层。盐碱地是由于土壤内大量盐分的积累,引起一系列土壤物理性状的恶化造成土壤粘滞,通气性差土温上升慢,土壤中微生物活动性差,渗透系数低,毛细作用强,导致表层土壤盐渍化的加剧。

二、盐碱土壤的形成条件:

土壤碱化过程往往与土壤脱盐过程相伴随,但土壤脱盐并不一定必然会发生碱化, 它是土壤碱化条件之一。 土壤盐碱化形成条件为:

(1) 土壤质地较为粘重,土壤吸收复合体吸收性能较强;

(2) 土壤溶液中含有较多钠离子;

(3) 有水参与作用,使土壤溶液中钠离子有在土层中上下移动的能力和条件。

三、盐碱地造成因素:

(1)自然环境因素

盐碱地的发生发展受自然条件如地形、地貌、气候、土壤、水文及水文地质等方面的影响,各地自然条件不同,土壤含盐量与盐分组成也有差异,改良利用必须因地制宜。

(2)人为因素

受人为的土地利用方式、农业耕作技术、水利排水工程设施、工业化学污染等因素的影响造成。

(3)地下水不稳定性因素

如灌溉用水、地下水等的盐碱性的水质造成盐碱化。

(4)天然灾害

由于土壤层原保留有部分可溶性盐类,如果排水措施不当,或遇内涝积水,又会造成次生盐碱化。

因为盐碱地的发生与发展是各种因素综合影响的结果,所以对其改良利用也必须考虑整个环境、地质、灌溉用水、地下水、整体修复后的经济效益,莽撞贸然进行整地修复,复发性性不可避免。

四、盐碱地土壤怎么改良修复?

修复重点在于调整地形地貌排水系统整理、调整土壤理性结构, 平衡pH酸碱值、让整体土壤气、水正常循环后,增加地力、肥度、促进微生菌滋长繁殖。其修复的步骤说明如下:

1、物理步骤:

(1) 灌溉、地下水的水质检测。

(2) 水利改良:整地造沟,对地势低洼的盐碱地块,挖排水沟排出地面水。

(3) 深耕深松:进行翻耕,疏松表土,增强透水性,能加速淋盐,防止返盐。

(4) 客土排水:客土抬高地面下设隔离层,利用高差进行排水淋盐。

2、化学步骤:

(1) 在修复土壤上铺洒石膏粉、酸性过磷酸钙、硫酸锌等。

(2) 其他化学辅材:

钙剂:石膏、过磷酸钙等;

钙活化剂:粗硫酸、黑矾、黄铁矿等含酸、含硫物质

3.有机修复步骤:

(1) 淋溶冲洗:修复土壤范围深耕松土、排水,将灌水并形成使土壤中的盐分充分溶解排出。

(2) 有机修复:封闭排水、挖坑、挖洞、将有机土壤改良调理剂勾兑灌溉用水淹没土壤一定深度的水层后,有机降解分解、调整pH酸碱值、 改良土壤理性结构。

4. 增加地力、肥力步骤:

(1) 施用有机肥、农肥等,增施利用腐殖质帮忙土壤改良酸碱值调整,增加地力、肥料。有利于修复后的农作物种植效果更好。

(2) 经改良后的土壤环境适合微生物菌滋长与繁殖,可以加速分解土壤内的有机质转化成植物可吸收微元素,杀虫灭菌增加抗逆性,优化品质增产

问题重点在于化学质材如何完全降解溶于水进行水解中和盐碱的效果, 这个才是施用化学质材调和的技术重点。

大家一起来为中国的未来好水、好土、好环境共同努力奋斗,让土壤自然呼吸循环才是真正的根除病源。

研究员: 谷神 Eddie

基硕 2016.10.11

2016-10-25 09:08:17