font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; text-indent: 25.6pt;"> </span><b style="text-align: justify;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">1、施工现场任意加水</font></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">施工现场管理不严,工人为方便于施工</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">(随便增大混凝土坍落度)</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">,经常这样操作,直接向已拌好的混凝土中</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 15pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">任意加水</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">的现象,也没有经过双方技术管理人员的商定认可与鉴证。</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在一些现场甚至直接用水管、水枪在泵车进料斗中加水,这些操作,经过了试验室的同意确认吗?</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">这样操作,直接后果就是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">严重影响了混凝土拌合物的质量,造成水泥混凝土</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">水灰比急剧增大</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">,游离水和层间水增多,增加了混凝土硬化浆体的空隙率,削弱了混凝土中水泥和骨料的界面粘结力,</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">严重降低了混凝土的强度和耐久性</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">。</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">施工现场加水是大忌,试验人员一定要在自己负责的范围内严格管理,如果无法管理(施工方不听管理的话),也要通过摄像或录影留取证据保护自己,不要再背锅了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">2、不对混凝土构件进行养护</font></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">水是水泥水化反应的必要条件,因此周围环境湿度对混凝土强度能否正常发展有显著影响。湿度不够,混凝土会失水干燥而影响水泥水化作用的正常进行,甚至停止水化。受干燥作用的时间越早,造成干缩开裂越严重,结构越疏松,强度受到的损失越大,混凝土表面碳化也就越大,耐久性能降低。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">3、混凝土振捣顺序和方法不当</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">混凝土振捣未按规定顺序进行,振捣方法不当或局部漏振,会导致局部砂、石集中,使混凝土疏松不密实,出现蜂窝状孔洞或形成局部孔洞,尤其在钢筋密集部位,容易出现蜂窝、露筋等不良症疾。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">4、混凝土浇筑时落程或浇筑层厚度过大</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">浇筑混凝土时,由顶部浇筑的钢筋混凝土柱、墙等工程,若过高,混凝土中的粗骨料从混凝土中分离出去,滚落在混凝土堆的外侧或者底部,或者在倾落过程中,粗骨料先落,而砂浆落于后面,造成混凝土的离析,使粗骨料挤在楼板边角,易形成</font><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">“蜂窝”、“麻面”、“烂根”或造成砂、石分布不均匀。再者自由倾落高度过高,混凝土具有极大的冲击力,它将砸弯钢筋,使竖向构件箍筋错位,这些都将影响构件的受力性能。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI"> </font></span><b style="text-align: justify;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">5、混凝土强度低于拆模强度而过早拆模</font></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">混凝土强度低于拆模强度而过早拆模,易在受拉区出现裂缝,甚至受压区也破坏,造成安全事故;混凝土过早拆模将会加大混凝土的徐变量,导致结构变形;过早拆模,由于混凝土强度低,拆模过程中,易出现坍棱掉角或局部坍塌现象,削弱构件断面,影响承载能力和外观质量;因为混凝土强度低,混凝土与钢筋共同工作能力差,在构件自重、施工荷载和其他振动作用下,易引起钢筋在混凝土内滑动,从而降低钢筋的握裹力;过早拆模,导致混凝土表面过早失水,加速混凝土表面碳化使混凝土耐久性能下降。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">6、施工单位擅自处理混凝土质量缺陷</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在施工过程中,常因思想和技术上的缺陷,使得施工单位对混凝土构件产生各种缺陷,如蜂窝、麻面、裂缝、露筋、孔洞等任意修补,却未经加固补强,将造成混凝土工程的终身缺陷而影响建筑的使用寿命,且对混凝土实体检测时,影响对混凝土性能的真实判断。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">7、浇筑管理不当,布料不匀</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">由于浇筑顺序、布料不当,会造成混凝土构件中砂、石料不均匀,影响构件混凝土强度和诸如蜂窝、麻面、孔洞等缺陷的产生,给工程质量造成隐患,也可能构成重大的质量事故。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">8、施工现场要求坍落度过大</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">混凝土结构部位由于钢筋密集,施工单位为了方便施工,要求混凝土坍落度过大,引起骨料沉淀,部分结构浆体密集,造成混凝土结构强度不均匀,密实度较差,影响混凝土的承载能力。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">9、洒生水收面</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">施工现场工人为了方便收面,洒生水现象也司空见惯,施工现场技术人员也不予制止,严重影响了混凝土的质量。向混凝土洒生水收面,增大了混凝土表面的水灰比,增加了硬化浆体的空</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">隙,使混凝土表面疏松,降低了混凝土表面的强度和抗碳化的能力,造成了混凝土表面起灰、返砂和开裂。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; text-indent: 21pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">总之,商品混凝土属半成品,混凝土的质量缺陷和强度是否有规律的增长,需要施工单位对混凝土浇筑、振捣、养护、遮盖保护等工艺进行精心组织和实施,严格按相应的标准规范进行施工,才能保证混凝土强度,确保工程质量</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>"/>
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; text-indent: 25.6pt;"> </span><b style="text-align: justify;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">1、施工现场任意加水</font></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">施工现场管理不严,工人为方便于施工</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">(随便增大混凝土坍落度)</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">,经常这样操作,直接向已拌好的混凝土中</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 15pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">任意加水</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">的现象,也没有经过双方技术管理人员的商定认可与鉴证。</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在一些现场甚至直接用水管、水枪在泵车进料斗中加水,这些操作,经过了试验室的同意确认吗?</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">这样操作,直接后果就是</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">严重影响了混凝土拌合物的质量,造成水泥混凝土</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">水灰比急剧增大</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">,游离水和层间水增多,增加了混凝土硬化浆体的空隙率,削弱了混凝土中水泥和骨料的界面粘结力,</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">严重降低了混凝土的强度和耐久性</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">。</span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">施工现场加水是大忌,试验人员一定要在自己负责的范围内严格管理,如果无法管理(施工方不听管理的话),也要通过摄像或录影留取证据保护自己,不要再背锅了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </span><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">2、不对混凝土构件进行养护</font></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">水是水泥水化反应的必要条件,因此周围环境湿度对混凝土强度能否正常发展有显著影响。湿度不够,混凝土会失水干燥而影响水泥水化作用的正常进行,甚至停止水化。受干燥作用的时间越早,造成干缩开裂越严重,结构越疏松,强度受到的损失越大,混凝土表面碳化也就越大,耐久性能降低。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">3、混凝土振捣顺序和方法不当</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">混凝土振捣未按规定顺序进行,振捣方法不当或局部漏振,会导致局部砂、石集中,使混凝土疏松不密实,出现蜂窝状孔洞或形成局部孔洞,尤其在钢筋密集部位,容易出现蜂窝、露筋等不良症疾。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 7.5pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">4、混凝土浇筑时落程或浇筑层厚度过大</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">浇筑混凝土时,由顶部浇筑的钢筋混凝土柱、墙等工程,若过高,混凝土中的粗骨料从混凝土中分离出去,滚落在混凝土堆的外侧或者底部,或者在倾落过程中,粗骨料先落,而砂浆落于后面,造成混凝土的离析,使粗骨料挤在楼板边角,易形成</font><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">“蜂窝”、“麻面”、“烂根”或造成砂、石分布不均匀。再者自由倾落高度过高,混凝土具有极大的冲击力,它将砸弯钢筋,使竖向构件箍筋错位,这些都将影响构件的受力性能。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI"> </font></span><b style="text-align: justify;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">5、混凝土强度低于拆模强度而过早拆模</font></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">混凝土强度低于拆模强度而过早拆模,易在受拉区出现裂缝,甚至受压区也破坏,造成安全事故;混凝土过早拆模将会加大混凝土的徐变量,导致结构变形;过早拆模,由于混凝土强度低,拆模过程中,易出现坍棱掉角或局部坍塌现象,削弱构件断面,影响承载能力和外观质量;因为混凝土强度低,混凝土与钢筋共同工作能力差,在构件自重、施工荷载和其他振动作用下,易引起钢筋在混凝土内滑动,从而降低钢筋的握裹力;过早拆模,导致混凝土表面过早失水,加速混凝土表面碳化使混凝土耐久性能下降。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">6、施工单位擅自处理混凝土质量缺陷</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在施工过程中,常因思想和技术上的缺陷,使得施工单位对混凝土构件产生各种缺陷,如蜂窝、麻面、裂缝、露筋、孔洞等任意修补,却未经加固补强,将造成混凝土工程的终身缺陷而影响建筑的使用寿命,且对混凝土实体检测时,影响对混凝土性能的真实判断。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">7、浇筑管理不当,布料不匀</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">由于浇筑顺序、布料不当,会造成混凝土构件中砂、石料不均匀,影响构件混凝土强度和诸如蜂窝、麻面、孔洞等缺陷的产生,给工程质量造成隐患,也可能构成重大的质量事故。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">8、施工现场要求坍落度过大</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">混凝土结构部位由于钢筋密集,施工单位为了方便施工,要求混凝土坍落度过大,引起骨料沉淀,部分结构浆体密集,造成混凝土结构强度不均匀,密实度较差,影响混凝土的承载能力。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" align="justify" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="15" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 13.5pt; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Microsoft YaHei UI">9、洒生水收面</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">施工现场工人为了方便收面,洒生水现象也司空见惯,施工现场技术人员也不予制止,严重影响了混凝土的质量。向混凝土洒生水收面,增大了混凝土表面的水灰比,增加了硬化浆体的空</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">隙,使混凝土表面疏松,降低了混凝土表面的强度和抗碳化的能力,造成了混凝土表面起灰、返砂和开裂。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 7.5pt; text-indent: 21pt; padding: 0pt; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei UI"; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">总之,商品混凝土属半成品,混凝土的质量缺陷和强度是否有规律的增长,需要施工单位对混凝土浇筑、振捣、养护、遮盖保护等工艺进行精心组织和实施,严格按相应的标准规范进行施工,才能保证混凝土强度,确保工程质量</span><span style="mso-spacerun:´yes´;font-family:´Microsoft YaHei UI´;letter-spacing:0.4000pt;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>"/>
施工现场管理不严,工人为方便于施工(随便增大混凝土坍落度),经常这样操作,直接向已拌好的混凝土中任意加水的现象,也没有经过双方技术管理人员的商定认可与鉴证。在一些现场甚至直接用水管、水枪在泵车进料斗中加水,这些操作,经过了试验室的同意确认吗?这样操作,直接后果就是严重影响了混凝土拌合物的质量,造成水泥混凝土水灰比急剧增大,游离水和层间水增多,增加了混凝土硬化浆体的空隙率,削弱了混凝土中水泥和骨料的界面粘结力,严重降低了混凝土的强度和耐久性。施工现场加水是大忌,试验人员一定要在自己负责的范围内严格管理,如果无法管理(施工方不听管理的话),也要通过摄像或录影留取证据保护自己,不要再背锅了。
2、不对混凝土构件进行养护
水是水泥水化反应的必要条件,因此周围环境湿度对混凝土强度能否正常发展有显著影响。湿度不够,混凝土会失水干燥而影响水泥水化作用的正常进行,甚至停止水化。受干燥作用的时间越早,造成干缩开裂越严重,结构越疏松,强度受到的损失越大,混凝土表面碳化也就越大,耐久性能降低。
3、混凝土振捣顺序和方法不当
混凝土振捣未按规定顺序进行,振捣方法不当或局部漏振,会导致局部砂、石集中,使混凝土疏松不密实,出现蜂窝状孔洞或形成局部孔洞,尤其在钢筋密集部位,容易出现蜂窝、露筋等不良症疾。
4、混凝土浇筑时落程或浇筑层厚度过大
浇筑混凝土时,由顶部浇筑的钢筋混凝土柱、墙等工程,若过高,混凝土中的粗骨料从混凝土中分离出去,滚落在混凝土堆的外侧或者底部,或者在倾落过程中,粗骨料先落,而砂浆落于后面,造成混凝土的离析,使粗骨料挤在楼板边角,易形成“蜂窝”、“麻面”、“烂根”或造成砂、石分布不均匀。再者自由倾落高度过高,混凝土具有极大的冲击力,它将砸弯钢筋,使竖向构件箍筋错位,这些都将影响构件的受力性能。
5、混凝土强度低于拆模强度而过早拆模
混凝土强度低于拆模强度而过早拆模,易在受拉区出现裂缝,甚至受压区也破坏,造成安全事故;混凝土过早拆模将会加大混凝土的徐变量,导致结构变形;过早拆模,由于混凝土强度低,拆模过程中,易出现坍棱掉角或局部坍塌现象,削弱构件断面,影响承载能力和外观质量;因为混凝土强度低,混凝土与钢筋共同工作能力差,在构件自重、施工荷载和其他振动作用下,易引起钢筋在混凝土内滑动,从而降低钢筋的握裹力;过早拆模,导致混凝土表面过早失水,加速混凝土表面碳化使混凝土耐久性能下降。
6、施工单位擅自处理混凝土质量缺陷
在施工过程中,常因思想和技术上的缺陷,使得施工单位对混凝土构件产生各种缺陷,如蜂窝、麻面、裂缝、露筋、孔洞等任意修补,却未经加固补强,将造成混凝土工程的终身缺陷而影响建筑的使用寿命,且对混凝土实体检测时,影响对混凝土性能的真实判断。
7、浇筑管理不当,布料不匀
由于浇筑顺序、布料不当,会造成混凝土构件中砂、石料不均匀,影响构件混凝土强度和诸如蜂窝、麻面、孔洞等缺陷的产生,给工程质量造成隐患,也可能构成重大的质量事故。
8、施工现场要求坍落度过大
混凝土结构部位由于钢筋密集,施工单位为了方便施工,要求混凝土坍落度过大,引起骨料沉淀,部分结构浆体密集,造成混凝土结构强度不均匀,密实度较差,影响混凝土的承载能力。
9、洒生水收面
施工现场工人为了方便收面,洒生水现象也司空见惯,施工现场技术人员也不予制止,严重影响了混凝土的质量。向混凝土洒生水收面,增大了混凝土表面的水灰比,增加了硬化浆体的空隙,使混凝土表面疏松,降低了混凝土表面的强度和抗碳化的能力,造成了混凝土表面起灰、返砂和开裂。
总之,商品混凝土属半成品,混凝土的质量缺陷和强度是否有规律的增长,需要施工单位对混凝土浇筑、振捣、养护、遮盖保护等工艺进行精心组织和实施,严格按相应的标准规范进行施工,才能保证混凝土强度,确保工程质量